11 March 2010 Volume 464 Number 7286, pp 141 – 316

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———————-
EDITORIALS
———————-
Climate of fear p141
The integrity of climate research has taken a very public battering
in recent months. Scientists must now emphasize the science, while
acknowledging that they are in a street fight.
doi:10.1038/464141a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Scientific glasnost pp141-142
Russia's scientific reputation will continue to dwindle unless it
embraces international research.
doi:10.1038/464141b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Europe's research future p142
The region's member states must follow through on their political
and scientific commitments.
doi:10.1038/464142a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
———————-
Palaeontology: The long and the short p144
doi:10.1038/464144a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Metabolism: Warm milk p144
doi:10.1038/464144b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Chemistry: Cellulose busters p144
doi:10.1038/464144c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Neuroscience: Nerve cell talk p144
doi:10.1038/464144d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Biomaterials: Squishy particles p144
doi:10.1038/464144e
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Cancer biology: Arsenic activation pp144-145
doi:10.1038/464144f
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Physics: Photon storage for telecoms p145
doi:10.1038/464145a
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Cancer genomics: Melanoma's mutations p145
doi:10.1038/464145b
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Nanotechnology: Harvesting heat p145
doi:10.1038/464145c
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Evolution: Creating cooperation p145
doi:10.1038/464145d
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———————-
JOURNAL CLUB
———————-
Journal club p145
Markus Reichstein
doi:10.1038/464145e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
NEWS
———————-
News briefing: 11 March 2010 pp146-147
The week in science.
doi:10.1038/464146a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Outcry over scientists' dismissal pp148-149
Following years of acrimony, two high-profile researchers in
Mexico have been expelled from their institute.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/464148a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Climate e-mail rerun p149
Attack sparks memories of McCarthy witch-hunt.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/464149a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Old rocks drown dry Moon theory pp150-151
Samples collected during Apollo missions suggest a wet interior,
raising questions about lunar origins.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/464150a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Biology thinks big to stay cuts p151
Intercontinental programme sets vision for frontier projects.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/464151a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Science survives Canadian budget p153
Spending plans aim to battle national deficit yet still invest
in research.
Nicola Jones
doi:10.1038/464153a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Plant biologists fear for cress project p154
Is enthusiasm withering for funding studies into Arabidopsis thaliana?
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/464154a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Graphic detail: Securing UK science p155
Royal Society sets out case for investment in research.
Richard Van Noorden
doi:10.1038/464155a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

A rescue plan for UK physics funding p155
Research council faces restructuring to resolve financial woes.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/464155b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=316&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
NEWS FEATURES
———————-
Nuclear weapons physics: Welcome to the Atomic Weapons Establishment
pp156-157
With the launch of a powerful laser facility, Britain's most
secretive lab is opening up to academics.
Geoff Brumfiel secures a preview.
doi:10.1038/464156a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=314&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Bioengineering: What to make with DNA origami pp158-159
Chemists looking to create complex self-assembling nanostructures
are turning to DNA.
Katharine Sanderson looks at the science beneath the fold.
doi:10.1038/464158a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=311&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
CORRESPONDENCE
———————-
Science and Mexico are the losers in institute politics p160
Harold W. Kroto et al.
doi:10.1038/464160a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Colour-coded targets would help clarify biodiversity priorities p160
Anne Larigauderie, Georgina M. Mace and Harold A. Mooney
doi:10.1038/464160b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Barriers to carbon capture and storage may not be obvious p160
Frances Bowen
doi:10.1038/464160c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
OPINION
———————-
Accelerating HIV vaccine development pp161-162
Translational-research programmes supported by flexible, long-term,
large-scale grants are needed to turn advances in basic science
into successful vaccines to halt the AIDS epidemic,
says Wayne C. Koff.
doi:10.1038/464161a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
BOOKS AND ARTS
———————-
Evolution of the motor car p163
A proposed reinvention for urban motoring based on ultra-small
electric vehicles does not address the bigger environmental or
social challenges, finds Daniel Sperling.
Daniel Sperling reviews Reinventing the Automobile: Personal
Urban Mobility for the 21st Century by William J. Mitchell,
Christopher E. Borroni-Bird and Lawrence D. Burns
doi:10.1038/464163a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Space to contemplate pp164-165
Joanne Baker reviews The Edge of Physics: A Journey to Earth's
Extremes to Unlock the Secrets of the Universe/Dispatches from
the Frontiers of Cosmology by Anil Ananthaswamy
doi:10.1038/464164a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Genius who shuns the limelight p165
George Szpiro reviews Perfect Rigor: A Genius and the Mathematical
Breakthrough of the Century by Masha Gessen
doi:10.1038/464165a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Q&A: Peter Hessler on urbanization in China p166
In Country Driving, the final book in his China trilogy, Peter Hessler
recounts his 11,000-kilometre drive across China to see at first hand
the effects of rapid industrialization. The New Yorker journalist
explains how mass migration to cities brings out people's
resourcefulness, but also how the speed of social and environmental
change leads them to seek meaning in their lives.
Jane Qiu reviews Country Driving: A Journey Through China from Farm
to Factory by Peter Hessler
doi:10.1038/464166a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
NEWS AND VIEWS
———————-
Structural biology: When four become one pp167-168
Every machine is made of parts. But, as the new structure of the HIV
integrase enzyme in complex with viral DNA shows, one could not have
predicted from the individual parts just how this machine works.
Robert Craigie
doi:10.1038/464167a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

50 & 100 years ago p168
doi:10.1038/464168b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Atmospheric chemistry: Wider role for airborne chlorine pp168-169
Unexpected chlorine chemistry in the lowest part of the atmosphere
can affect the cycling of nitrogen oxides and the production of
ozone, and reduce the lifetime of the greenhouse gas methane.
Roland von Glasow
doi:10.1038/464168a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Supramolecular chemistry: Sticking to sugars pp169-170
If evolution has had trouble making effective carbohydrate receptors,
what hope do humans have of creating synthetic versions? A method for
preparing libraries of such receptors boosts the chances of success.
Anthony P. Davis
doi:10.1038/464169a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Sex determination: An avian sexual revolution pp171-172
Hormones are not all-powerful in determining whether birds develop
with male or female features. Chickens that are genetic sexual
mosaics reveal that individual cells also have a say in the matter.
Lindsey A. Barske and Blanche Capel
doi:10.1038/464171a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Applied ecology: Grass and the X factor p172
Tim Lincoln
doi:10.1038/464172b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Cosmology: Gravity tested on cosmic scales pp172-173
Einstein's theory of general relativity has been tested
– and confirmed — on scales far beyond those of our Solar System.
But the results don't exclude all alternative theories of gravity.
J. Anthony Tyson
doi:10.1038/464172a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
INSIGHT
———————-
EDITORIAL
Exotic matter p175
Dan Csontos
doi:10.1038/464175a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

REVIEW ARTICLE
The enigma of supersolidity pp176-182
Sebastien Balibar
doi:10.1038/nature08913
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE
Superconductivity gets an iron boost pp183-186
Igor I. Mazin
doi:10.1038/nature08914
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=231&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=331&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

REVIEW ARTICLE
Non-Abelian states of matter pp187-193
Ady Stern
doi:10.1038/nature08915
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=325&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE
The birth of topological insulators pp194-198
Joel E. Moore
doi:10.1038/nature08916
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=233&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=334&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

REVIEW ARTICLE
Spin liquids in frustrated magnets pp199-208
Leon Balents
doi:10.1038/nature08917
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Electron liquids and solids in one dimension pp209-216
Vikram V. Deshpande, Marc Bockrath, Leonid I. Glazman and Amir Yacoby
doi:10.1038/nature08918
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
REVIEW
———————-
Targeting early infection to prevent HIV-1 mucosal transmission
pp217-223
Ashley T. Haase
doi:10.1038/nature08757
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=306&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
PERSPECTIVES
———————-
Immunology and the elusive AIDS vaccine pp224-231
Herbert W. Virgin and Bruce D. Walker
doi:10.1038/nature08898
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
ARTICLES
———————-
Retroviral intasome assembly and inhibition of DNA strand transfer
pp232-236
The integrase protein of retroviruses such as HIV-1 catalyses
insertion of the viral genome into that of the host. Here, the
long-awaited structure of the full-length integrase complex is
predicted, revealing not only details of the biochemistry of
the integration reaction, but also the means by which current
inhibitors affect this process.
Stephen Hare et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08784
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Somatic sex identity is cell autonomous in the chicken pp237-242
In mammals, embryos are considered to be sexually indifferent until
the action of a sex-determining gene initiates gonadal differentiation.
Here it is demonstrated that this situation is different for birds.
Using rare, naturally occurring chimaeric chickens where one side of
the animal appears male and the other female, it is shown that avian
somatic cells possess an inherent sex identity and that, in birds,
sexual differentiation is cell autonomous.
D. Zhao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08852
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Systems survey of endocytosis by multiparametric image analysis pp243-249
A new strategy is presented to accurately profile the activity of
human genes in endocytosis by combining genome-wide RNAi, automated
high-resolution confocal microscopy and quantitative multi-parametric
image analysis. Several novel components of endocytosis and endosome
trafficking were uncovered; a systems analysis further revealed that
the cell regulates the number, size and concentration of cargo
within endosomes.
Claudio Collinet et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08779
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

The primary transcriptome of the major human pathogen Helicobacter
pylori pp250-255
The transcriptome of Helicobacter pylori, an important human pathogen
involved in gastric ulcers and cancer, is presented. The approach
establishes a model for mapping and annotating the primary
transcriptomes of many living species.
Cynthia M. Sharma et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08756
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=133&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

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=====================================================================

———————-
LETTERS
———————-
Confirmation of general relativity on large scales from weak lensing
and galaxy velocities pp256-258
Although general relativity underlies modern cosmology, its applicability
on cosmological length scales has yet to be stringently tested. Now, at
a length scale of tens of megaparsecs, the quantity EG, which combines
measures of large-scale gravitational lensing, galaxy clustering, and
the growth rate of structure, has been measured to be 0.39[plusmn]0.06,
in agreement with the general relativistic prediction of about 0.4.
Reinabelle Reyes et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08857
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Deviations from a uniform period spacing of gravity modes in a massive
star pp259-261
Measuring the oscillations of a star can allow the various mixing
processes in its interior to be disentangled, through the signature
they leave on period spacings in the gravity mode spectrum. Here
numerous gravity modes in a young star of about seven solar masses
are reported: the mean period spacing enables the extent of the
convective core to be determined, and the clear periodic deviation
from the mean constrains the location of the chemical transition
zone — at about 10 per cent of the radius.
Pieter Degroote et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08864
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Transmission of electrical signals by spin-wave interconversion in a
magnetic insulator pp262-266
An insulator does not conduct electricity, and so cannot in general
be used to transmit an electrical signal. But an insulator's electrons
possess spin in addition to charge, and so can transmit a signal in
the form of a spin wave. Here a hybrid metal-insulator-metal structure
is reported, in which an electrical signal in one metal layer is
directly converted to a spin wave in the insulating layer; this wave
is then transmitted to the second metal layer, where the signal can
be directly recovered as an electrical voltage.
Y. Kajiwara et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08876
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Tunable polymer multi-shape memory effect pp267-270
When a shape memory polymer is deformed at a temperature defined by
a specific phase transition, the deformed shape is fixed upon cooling,
but the original shape can be recovered on reheating. Here the
perfluorosulphonic acid ionomer Nafion is shown to exhibit at least four
different shapes as a result of its broad reversible phase transition.
Tao Xie
doi:10.1038/nature08863
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=195&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

A large atomic chlorine source inferred from mid-continental reactive
nitrogen chemistry pp271-274
The presence of gaseous chlorine atom precursors within the troposphere
was thought only to occur in marine areas but now nitryl chloride has
been found at a distance of 1,400 km from the nearest coastline.
A model study shows that the amount of nitryl chloride production in
the continental USA alone is similar to previous global estimates for
marine regions. A significant fraction of tropospheric chlorine atoms
may arise directly from anthropogenic pollutants.
Joel A. Thornton et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08905
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=187&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Antagonistic coevolution accelerates molecular evolution pp275-278
The Red Queen hypothesis predicts that coevolution should increase
the rate of evolution at the molecular level. Here, genome sequencing
in an experimental phage-bacteria system is used to show that this
is true, but the effect is concentrated on specific loci, and also
that coevolution drives greater diversification of phage populations.
Steve Paterson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08798
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=188&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of
low fitness pp279-282
Evolution from one fitness peak to another must involve either
transitions through intermediates of low fitness or skirting round
the fitness valley through compensatory mutations elsewhere. Here,
the base pairs in mitochondrial tRNA stems is used as a model to show
that deep fitness valleys can be traversed. Transitions between AU
and GC pairs have occurred during mammalian evolution without help
from genetic drift or mutations elsewhere.
Margarita V. Meer, Alexey S. Kondrashov, Yael Artzy-Randrup and
Fyodor A. Kondrashov
doi:10.1038/nature08691
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=223&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Sister chromosome pairing maintains heterozygosity in parthenogenetic
lizards pp283-286
The existence of all-female species of whiptail lizard, formed as a
hybrid between sexual species, has been known since 1962; however,
how the meiotic program is altered to produce diploid eggs while
maintaining heterozygosity has remained unclear. Here it is shown in
parthenogenetic species that meiosis initiates with twice the number
of chromosomes compared to sexual species, and that pairing and
recombination takes place between genetically identical sister
chromosomes instead of between homologues.
Aracely A. Lutes et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08818
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=209&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Systematic genetic analysis of muscle morphogenesis and function
in Drosophila pp287-291
A genome-wide RNA interference screen to systematically test the
genetic basis for formation and function of the Drosophila muscle
is described. A role in muscle for 2,785 genes is identified;
many of these genes are phylogenetically conserved.
Frank Schnorrer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08799
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=215&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Telomere elongation in induced pluripotent stem cells from dyskeratosis
congenita patients pp292-296
Here, iPS cell technology is used to study the mechanisms underlying
dyskeratosis congenita in humans. Reprogramming restores telomere
elongation in dyskeratosis congenita cells despite genetic lesions
affecting telomerase. The reprogrammed cells were able to overcome
a critical limitation in telomerase RNA component (TERC) levels to
restore telomere maintenance and self-renewal, and multiple telomerase
components are targeted by pluripotency-associated transcription factors.
Suneet Agarwal et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08792
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

The cells and peripheral representation of sodium taste in mice pp297-301
Mammals are repelled by large concentrations of salts but attracted to
low concentrations of sodium. In mice, the latter behaviour can be
blocked by the ion channel inhibitor amiloride. Here, mice have been
produced lacking the drug's target sodium channel, ENaC, specifically
in taste receptor neurons. It is confirmed that sodium sensing, like
the four other taste modalities (sweet, sour, bitter and umami), is
mediated by a dedicated 'labelled line'.
Jayaram Chandrashekar et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08783
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

B-cell-derived lymphotoxin promotes castration-resistant prostate
cancer pp302-305
In a mouse model of prostate cancer it is shown that infiltrating
B cells promote tumorigenesis by secreting lymphotoxin. Lymphotoxin
accelerates the emergence of castration-resistant prostate tumours
in this model. Interfering with this pathway may offer therapeutic
strategies for androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Massimo Ammirante et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08782
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

JARID2 regulates binding of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 to
target genes in ES cells pp306-310
Polycomb proteins have a key role in regulating the expression of
genes essential for development, differentiation and maintenance
of cell fates. Here, Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is shown
to form a complex with JARID2, a Jumonji domain protein. JARID2 is
required for the binding of Polycomb proteins to target genes in
embryonic stem cells as well as for the proper differentiation of
ES cells.
Diego Pasini et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08788
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
NATUREJOBS
———————-
Prospects
Speak up p312
Peter Fiske argues that too many young scientists adopt a passive
voice, to the detriment of their careers.
Peter Fiske
doi:10.1038/nj7286-312a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Careers Q&A
Q&A p313
Lidia Brito, Mozambique's former science minister, now heads the
science-policy division at the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Paris.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7286-313a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Better prospects p313
UK oil, gas and petrochemical employers expect to hire researchers
this year.
doi:10.1038/nj7286-313b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Salary freeze p313
US universities are expected to restrict hiring this year.
doi:10.1038/nj7286-313c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Wellcome translation p313
The UK Wellcome Trust launches new PhD studentships in several fields.
doi:10.1038/nj7286-313d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
FUTURES
———————-
The Omniplus Ultra p316
You can't live without it.
Paul Di Filippo
doi:10.1038/464316a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

———————-
Advance Online Publication
———————-
10 March 2010
Whole-genome resequencing reveals loci under selection during
chicken domestication
Carl-Johan Rubin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08832
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

MONOPTEROS controls embryonic root initiation by regulating a
mobile transcription factor
Alexandra Schlereth et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08836
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

A computational model of teeth and the developmental origins of
morphological variation
Isaac Salazar-Ciudad and Jukka Jernvall
doi:10.1038/nature08838
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Understanding mechanisms underlying human gene expression variation
with RNA sequencing
Joseph K. Pickrell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08872
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Transcriptome genetics using second generation sequencing in a
Caucasian population
Stephen B. Montgomery et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08903
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=328&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=328&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

07 March 2010
Transcription-independent ARF regulation in oncogenic
stress-mediated p53 responses
Delin Chen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08820
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=326&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=326&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Spatial control of EGF receptor activation by reversible
dimerization on living cells
Inhee Chung et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08827
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=332&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=332&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

Control of female gamete formation by a small RNA pathway
in Arabidopsis
Vianey Olmedo-Monfil et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08828
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=236&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=236&m=34691819&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=Njg3NDgzODAS1&mt=1&rt=0

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In a News Feature in Nature this week, Geoff Brumfiel takes a rare
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Pig would be asleep when he got back, but he’d get up early tomorrow and cook her breakfast. Couldn’t afford to sleep in tomorrow anyway, had to get the March edition of Dandelion Radio online before the weekend. The music was the main thing of course, as always. All those new bands straining to be heard. But it was fun pretending to be all the different DJs, especially the occasional fake Dutch accent. A heck of a lot more fun than working for the BBC, that was for sure. It had just got worse and worse over the years. Home Truths was the killer, nice idea but eventually he just couldn’t take the BBC bullshit any longer, and “death” had been a relief. Dandelion Radio was just about doing what he liked. A bit like the pirate days really, but totally legal. Of course, it didn’t pay, but radio had never been about the money. And no more Top of the Pops bollocks either, although it had paid for the original Peel Acres. Yes, he wished he’d discovered this internet thing years earlier. It might have kept him alive.

Airing this afternoon, The Oprah Winfrey Show will feature celebrities discovering their family roots. The show will feature a segment about the PBS documentary, Faces of America, by Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. As you may know, Faces of America used 23andMe’s Ancestry Edition to test the DNA of the guests featured in the series.

To promote the Faces of America segment on Oprah.com, 23andMe is offering viewers of The Oprah Winfrey Show our Ancestry Edition for only $199.00 until 3/31/10.

As members of our valued community, we wanted to make sure you heard about this special promotion. If you know people that may want to take advantage of this significant discount, please direct them to the Faces of America page on our website to order the Ancestry Edition at this special price (this is the only place on the site with this discount, so you need to order from this page). There is no set limit on the number of kits that can be ordered for , but you’ll want to act quickly since the offer expires on 3/31/10.

So check out the Oprah show and feel free to spread the word about this special offer!

23andme has said you can get the discount on the Complete Edition by selecting both in your cart, then removing the Ancestry Edition leaving the Complete Edition at a discount.

Oprah.com article on Ancestry:
http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/Dr-Henry-Louis-Gates-Jr-Start-Your-Ancestry-Search

23andMe Faces of America promotion:
https://www.23andme.com/partner/foa/

Faces of America on PBS:
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/facesofamerica/

In a nail-bitingly close finish (nineteen and a half point to nineteen), AIDS & Co managed to hold off a late push from the Vacant Virologists to unexpectedly claim the confectionery prize. The whole thing was clearly very engaging, and I will certainly be using this format again, although like all such interventions, it clearly needs to be used sparingly to remain effective.

Feedback:

1. Have you done this type of exercise before (if so, when)?
No (3)

2. Was this session useful?
I found it very useful – learnt a lot. I will be using the quizzes on blackboard more since doing questions has proved helpful. Very useful form of revision. I learned more than I expected to from it. It was a nice overview of the past few weeks (and it doesn’t hurt that we had fun doing it).

3. Any other comments?
Can we have a copy of the answers please.
Very enjoyable. Would be nice to have a copy of the Q&As.
[problematic - writing good questions is time consuming and I need to be able to reuse them]

Science fiction has had brains on the brain at least since Dr. Frankenstein installed one in his monster. Over the years science fiction has depicted technologies like mind control (in Star Trek, for example), instant learning (The Matrix), telepathy (Robert Heinlein’s Time for the Stars), and transferring memories and skills (The Dollhouse). While some of these technologies may eventually prove to be possible, others are extremely unlikely to ever work based on what we now know about the brain — because our own minds are much stranger territory than we ever used to imagine they were.

Go check it out if you are interested in the real science behind copying memories, mind control, and telepathy.

Image: National Cancer Institute Visuals Online: Color slide of a single image of a human brain using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. Shows a bright blue color where brain cancer metastasizes in the occipital lobe.
Tags:science fiction, biology

Who Do You Think You Are (WDYTYA) 2010, the world’s largest genealogy conference, was a wonderful success. Like last year, the line at the door started early and stretched for several blocks. But the crowds were definitely larger every day, and the traffic was much heavier on Sunday than in the previous year. Most of the same booths appeared with a few noticeably missing, however.

Early Friday Morning at WDYTYA

The Society of Genealogists (SoG) has posted the handouts from the various lectures at: http://www.sog.org.uk/events/2010show.shtml

Family Tree DNA

Family Tree DNA has attended WDYTYA for the last two years due to the foresight of Geoff Swinfield, a geneticist, well-known at SoG (Society of Genealogists) and Brian Swann, ISOGG’s European Coordinator for England and Wales. In a pub conversation two years ago, Geoff suggested the idea of bringing Family Tree DNA to London’s Who Do You Think You Are conference. Brian put this idea into action and last year was Family Tree DNA’s debut in London. Their success was met with an offer to attend The Gathering in Scotland in July 2009 and a desire to return to WDYTYA this year. This year, Family Tree DNA doubled
the size of its stall as well as its presentation area.

(Photo courtesy of Kenny Hedgepath)

FTDNA Announces New Family Finder Test

This year FTDNA President Bennett Greenspan introduced the company’s new Family Finder test for the first time to the public. This tests the autosomal sections of all the chromosomes to determine matches by cousins on any line of the pedigree chart. FTDNA will not be releasing this test to the US public for another three weeks, and several Brits with whom I spoke were pleased to see they were first.

Learn more about this test at: http://www.familytreedna.com/landing/family-finder.aspx
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) provides more details: http://www.familytreedna.com/faq/answers/17.aspx

The various types of DNA tests (Y-chromosome, mitochondria, and Family Finder tests) proved to be very helpful to WDYTYA participants. Each potential customer explained their goals for testing while the FTDNA volunteers help them determine which test best solves their problem. People who were adopted, those wishing to learn if their cousin was really their cousin, those wishing to break through their genealogical brick walls, and even those who were just curious received all the answers to their questions and a recommendation as to which test would help them.

ISOGG Debut

For the first time at this convention, the International Society of Genetic Genealogists (ISOGG) acquired a booth, thanks to Brian Swann. Members from both the UK and USA manned the booth, signing up new ISOGG members as well as giving away free DNA tests to those who qualified. ISOGG members who wished to gain testers for their particular Surname projects offered free tests for males who would qualify with the proper surname. The first test given away was on Friday for Cynthia Wells’ Wells Y-DNA Project. That was followed by someone qualifying for the Doug Miller’s Land Project. He has a second possibility as well. Then others were found for Cynthia’s for Lay Project and for Katherine Borges’McCallum-Macolm Project. A test was taken by a Graves for Kenneth Graves’ Ydna Project. People picked up flyers for Robert Sterry’s Sterry Project and Nancy Kiser’s Phillips Project as they who knew people with that surname. Katherine is pleased that two Fullers who are do not carry the Fullers’ surname are being tested with Family Finder. Much to Katherine’s pleasure, one also has a Lyon connection. The odds of finding attendees with the correct names visiting the booth are remarkable. The offer was deemed a success and will continue next year so be sure to stop by the ISOGG booth and see if your surname is among those the project managers need for their groups.

Fun in the Pub

And there there was sight-seeing and great times in the pubs visiting with all the helpers and genetic genealogy speakers. We sure missed our local pub, however. The Crown and Sceptre, Kensington (now closed) was in the next block from the B & B and had wonderful food! But, this is London and we found a few others!

Kenny, Katherine, Bennett, Debbie

Ann, Emily, Katherine, Johanna (standing), Linda and John

The Players

Last year, four ISOGG (International Society of Genetic Genealogy) members attended from the US, but this year nine went. For the British, last year four attended that all of us knew, but this year there were eight. Doubling these numbers was wonderful and helped greatly with assisting both the FTDNA booth and the ISOGG booth. It was wonderful seeing all the friends from England again.

From the US:

Back: Kenny, Katherine, Terry, Marilyn, Linda

Front: Emily, Derrell, Cynthia, Johnna

From Britain:

Geoff…………………………………Debbie…………………………..Chris

Brian…………………………………………………..Jill

From FTDNA:

Bennett…………………………………………………..Max

WDYTYA 2011

Everyone is already looking forward to WDYTYA 2011. Plans are already being made for a return and ISOGG members are even more committed to providing free tests to help their projects. Be sure to stop by the booth to see if your name qualities.

In the US we are excited about the American Version of Who Do You Think You Are on NBC each Friday night in hopes it will renew interest in genealogy. Check your local listings for the time in your area.

See you next year London!

Emily
March 2010

At the University of Leicester, we have these strange beings called Information Librarians. For many years, this confused me, because I though that all librarians were information librarians. But no, it turns out that most librarians are misinformation librarians, and the only librarian you can trust is a University of Leicester Information Librarian. Having figured that out, I need to ask a question. What the heck are Information Librarians for? To try to figure that out, I’m going to pose a hypothesis then test it.

The role of the Information Librarian is to help me find the information I need to do my job.

There it is, for better or for worse. So let’s test it. What information do I need to do my job? You may have heard of something called the Research Excellence Framework (REF). Personally, I wish the REF and the people that invented it would crawl into a pox-ridden hole and die, but I suspect that’s not going to happen. The bean counters love REF, and if there’s one thing we’re not short of in higher education it’s bean counters. REF is going to work mainly on the spurious measurement of journal impact factors. (They say it’s not. They say it hasn’t been decided yet. They say it may never happen. They lie.) So I’m not able to publish my research in open access journals where I’d like to, instead I have to try to maximize my impact factor score. What information do I need to do that? I need an accurate, up to date list of the impact factors of all the journals where I might publish my research. I need the list maintained, curated, updated, stroked and given a saucer of milk. Do I currently have such a list? No. What are Information Librarians for?

New Volume/Issue is now available on ScienceDirect

Cell Stem Cell Volume 6, Issue 3,  Pages 183-286 (5 March 2010)

1.

Editors’ Notes Page xi

Editorial

2.

Dealing with Scientific Disagreements Page 183 Deborah J. Sweet

Previews

3.

Inhibition as a Transplant-Mediated Therapy: A New Paradigm for Treating Parkinson’s? Pages 184-185 Theofanis Karayannis, Gordon Fishell

4.

NOTCHing an Arrow at Cord Blood: Translating Stem Cell Knowledge into Clinical Practice Pages 186-187 Trista E. North, Wolfram Goessling

5.

Unleashing Cardiopoiesis: A Novel Role for G-CSF Pages 188-189 Michela Noseda, Michael D. Schneider

6.

Crossing Boundaries: Direct Programming of Fibroblasts into Neurons Pages 189-191 Simon M.G. Braun, Sebastian Jessberger

7.

Niche Today, Gone Tomorrow—Progenitors Create Short-Lived Niche for Stem Cell Specification Pages 191-193 Melanie Issigonis, Erika Matunis

Brief Report

8.

Cadherin-Based Adhesion Is a Potential Target for Niche Manipulation to Protect Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Adult Bone Marrow Pages 194-198 Kentaro Hosokawa, Fumio Arai, Hiroki Yoshihara, Hiroko Iwasaki, Mark Hembree, Tong Yin, Yuka Nakamura, Yumiko Gomei, Keiyo Takubo, Haruko Shiama, Sahoko Matsuoka, Linheng Li, Toshio Suda

Forum

9.

Resolving the Controversy about N-Cadherin and Hematopoietic Stem Cells Pages 199-202 Pulin Li, Leonard I. Zon

Minireview

10.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity: Subtypes, Not Unpredictable Behavior Pages 203-207 Timm Schroeder

ISSCR Meeting Report

11.

Stem Cell Research in South America Coming of Age Pages 209-213 Osvaldo L. Podhajcer, Santiago Miriuka

Articles

12.

Conserved and Divergent Roles of FGF Signaling in Mouse Epiblast Stem Cells and Human Embryonic Stem Cells Pages 215-226 Boris Greber, Guangming Wu, Christof Bernemann, Jin Young Joo, Dong Wook Han, Kinarm Ko, Natalia Tapia, Davood Sabour, Jared Sterneckert, Paul Tesar, Hans R. Schöler Graphical Abstract ► Nanog is a direct target of Activin and SMAD2/3 but not FGF-ERK in EpiSCs ► FGF signaling inhibits neuroectodermal commitment of EpiSCs and hESCs ► FGF inhibition relieves Klf2 repression and reverts EpiSCs to an ESC-like state ► mESCs transition to an EpiSC-like state with LIF inhibition and FGF activation

13.

G-CSF Promotes the Proliferation of Developing Cardiomyocytes In Vivo and in Derivation from ESCs and iPSCs Pages 227-237 Kenichiro Shimoji, Shinsuke Yuasa, Takeshi Onizuka, Fumiyuki Hattori, Tomofumi Tanaka, Mie Hara, Yohei Ohno, Hao Chen, Toru Egasgira, Tomohisa Seki, Kojiro Yae, Uichi Koshimizu, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda Graphical Abstract ► G-CSF is strongly expressed in developing cardiomyocytes ► G-CSF promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo ► In vitro, G-CSF boosts yields of ESC- and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes ► G-CSF is acting to promote proliferation through JAK-STAT signaling

14.

Embryonic MGE Precursor Cells Grafted into Adult Rat Striatum Integrate and Ameliorate Motor Symptoms in 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rats Pages 238-250 Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño, Stephen C. Noctor, Ana Espinosa, Jeanelle Ariza, Philip Parker, Samantha Orasji, Marcel M. Daadi, Krystof Bankiewicz, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, Arnold R. Kriegstein Graphical Abstract ► Embryonic MGE cells were transplanted into the adult striatum of 6-OHDA-treated rats ► MGE cells transplanted into the adult striatum differentiate into GABAergic neurons ► MGE cells integrate and modify striatal-dependent motor behavior ► MGE cells ameliorate motor symptoms in the rat 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease

15.

Endothelial Cells Are Essential for the Self-Renewal and Repopulation of Notch-Dependent Hematopoietic Stem Cells Pages 251-264 Jason M. Butler, Daniel J. Nolan, Eva L. Vertes, Barbara Varnum-Finney, Hideki Kobayashi, Andrea T. Hooper, Marco Seandel, Koji Shido, Ian A. White, Mariko Kobayashi, Larry Witte, Chad May, Carrie Shawber, Yuki Kimura, Jan Kitajewski, Zev Rosenwaks, Irwin D. Bernstein, Shahin Rafii Graphical Abstract ► Coculture with endothelial cells promotes HSC expansion and self-renewal ► Endothelial cell effect on HSCs mediated by Notch signaling ► In vivo, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) express Notch ligands ► Blocking vessel remodeling impairs hematopoietic recovery after irradiation

16.

Distinct Hematopoietic Stem Cell Subtypes Are Differentially Regulated by TGF-β1 Pages 265-278 Grant A. Challen, Nathan C. Boles, Stuart M. Chambers, Margaret A. Goodell Graphical Abstract ► Myeloid HSC (My-HSC) and lymphoid HSC (Ly-HSC) bias in subfractions of purified HSCs ► Lineage bias persists through serial transplantation ► CD150 further distinguishes HSC subpopulations ► Ly-HSCs and My-HSCs show differential responses to TGF-β1

Short Article

17.

Poised Lineage Specification in Multipotential Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells by the Polycomb Protein Bmi1 Pages 279-286 Hideyuki Oguro, Jin Yuan, Hitoshi Ichikawa, Tomokatsu Ikawa, Satoshi Yamazaki, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Atsushi Iwama Graphical Abstract ► Loss of Bmi1 causes premature activation of lineage-specific genes in HSCs ► Bmi1 reinforces bivalent chromatin domains at key developmental regulator gene loci ► Loss of Bmi1 enhances B cell lineage differentiation at the expense of T cell lineage ► Bmi1 inhibits HSC lineage specification to maintain the multipotent state

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